Material handling apparatus



May 8, 1962 E E. DORKINS MATERIAL HANDLING APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

Filed Aug. 3, 1959 mmvr on. Evan E Dork/n6. BY

May 8, 1962 E. E. DORKINS 3,033,380

MATERIAL HANDLING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 3, 1959 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 s2 fii9 3 Ti\ 20 a I0 9 a I 25: 22 4 l I 5/ l 36 y 55 53 27 8o 0 2.9 62 52 ,y 9 /.a 3/ T I if if so 6 24 2/ 2 23 4 INVENTORZ 4 Evan E. Der/ans.

May 8, 1962 E. E. DORKINS MATERIAL HANDLING APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 5, 1959 Ilil Ill INVENTOR. Evan E. Dorkms.

i w A TR/VEVS BY 85 m May 8, 1962 E. E. DORKINS 3,033,380

MATERIAL HANDLING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 5, 1959 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 /00 e lo4 97 Evan Dorkins.

A TTORNE Y5.

United States Patent Ofilice 3,933,380 Patented May 8, 1962 This invention relates to material handling apparatus, and more particularly to structures such as vehicle mounted backhoes and the like having booms or bucket-carrying booms wherein the boom is mounted for swinging from side to side.

The principal objects of the present invention are to provide a new and improved structure for rotating boom supporting apparatus through more than 90-degrees of swinging rotation to each side of its center position; to

, provide a fluid actuator with cooperating fiuidactuated extensible rams connected together and supported to jointly apply moving force to an operable member; to provide such a structure wherein'forces and points of application thereof form substantially equalized rotative moments; to provide such a structure with stationary pistons and rods and movable cylinders having fluid passages for hydraulically connecting same; to provide such a structure wherein the hydraulic connections are to points on stationary parts whereby movement of hoses with moving parts is eliminated; to provide such a structure wherein the cylinders and pistons function as a Self-contained shock absorber to stop swinging movement adjacent the limits of the boom travel with little shock whereby the boom may be swung at high speeds without damage to the equipment; to provide such an hydraulically operated device with means for cushioning the beginning and ending of the rotative movement thereof; and to provide a material handling boom mounting with rotating mechanism that is capable of continuous hard usage, is efficient in operation and requires little maintenance.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein are set forth by way of illustration and example certain embodiments of this invention.

FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a material handling unit embodying the present invention with the vehicle carrying same shown in broken lines.

FIG. 2 is a rear elevation partly in section of the frame and rotating supporting apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view through the apparatus taken on the line 3-3, FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 4-4, FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is an elevational view partly in section of the hydraulic ram actuator structure.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged vertical sectional view through the structure on the line 6-'6,"FIG. 5.

iG. 7 is a schematic view showing the hydraulic systern of the boom rotating actuator.

Referring more in detail to the drawings:

1 designates an example of material handling apparatus adapted to be carried by a vehicle such as a tractor 2 illustrated in broken lines in FIG. 1. The tractor preferably is of a conventional type wherein the engine drives an hydraulic pump for supplying fluid under pressure to hydraulic equipment in the material handling apparatus.

In the structure illustrated, an A-frame 3 is connected as at 4 to an adapter frame 5 suitably mounted on the .2 V tractor 2 whereby the A-frame 3 is carried at the rear end of the tractor. Brace members 6 connect the adapter frame 5 as at 7 with the upper portion of the A-frame as at 8. to. further supportthe A-frame and hold same 36, said seat facing rearwardly or toward the boom and positioned at the rear. of the tractor. The A-frame has a top member 9 terminating in outwardly and downwardly inclined legs or side members It) and 11 which are connected attheir lower ends by a cross member 12, each of said members of the A-frame in the illustrated structure being of box form in cross section. Stabilizing foot plates 13 are pivotally mounted as at 14 on thelower ends of slide members 15 which are slidably mounted in telescopic relation in; the legs 10 and l l-with hydraulic rams 16 positioned inside each set of legs and slide members with the cylinder 17 thereof connected as at 18 to the A-frame and. the piston rod 19 extending therefrom and suitably connected to the slide member whereby extension of the ram moves the foot plates 13 downwardly and contraction. of the ram moves said foot plates upwardly, the rams being of such power that when the structure is in operation the weight of the rear end of the vehicle is carried by the foot plates 13 to stabilize the structure. The A-frame has vertically spaced upper and lower plate-like brackets 20 and 21 respectively extending rearwardly therefrom. Theupper bracket 20 is secured to theunder side of the top member 9 intermediate the legs 10 and 11 with gusset plates 2-2 connecting the legs 10 and 11 and the. top member 9 and plate or bracket 29 to further reinforce the structure. Thelower bracket or plate 21 is secured to the upper surface of the cross member 12 intermediate the leg members 10.and 11 and extends forwardly and rearwardly and rearwardly from said cross member with gusset plates 23 extending from the cross member under the. plate21 to reinforce same. The upper and lower brackets 20 and 21 have aligned holes 24 extending vertically therethrough and a shaft or post 25 extends through said holes with collars 26 mounted on the ends of the shaft to retain same against relative longitudinal'movement in the bracket members.

A rotating supporting structure, such as a mast, 27, is positioned between the brackets 2t and 21 and rotatably mounted on the post 25 by suitable upper and lower bearing members 28 whereby said mast 27 rotates about said shaft or post 25. The mast 27 has spaced'lower projecting members 2 carrying a pin 39 therebetween on which is pivotally connected the lower end of a boom 31 which is raised and lowered by an hydraulic ram 32 having one end pivotally connected as at 33 to the boom and the other end connected as at 34 to a pin 35 carried by upper projecting members 36, the pivotal connections of the ram 32 being parallel to the pin 3% whereby the ram swings in the same plane as the boom 31. A dipper 44 and 45 to the dipper arm and bucket respectively.

A seat 46 for an operator is supported on arms 47 extending'upwardly from the upper projecting members turning therewith. Suitable hydraulic valves in a housing 48 are controlled by valve levers 49 to control the supply of fluid pressure to the-varioushydraulic mechanisms in the apparatus.

A mast-rotating mechanism is carried by the A-frame 3 and has connection with the mast for rotating same and positioning the boom 31 and bucket 41 to desired angular relation as may be necessary for desired working positions during operation of the structure. The rotating mechanism 56 includes a pair of substantially identical hydraulic rams 51 and 52 arranged in spaced parallel relation and oppositely disposed. The rams each include cylinders 53 with pistons 54 reciprocable therein and having piston rods 55 and 56 of the respective rams 51 and 52 extending from the respective cylinders with the end of the piston rod 55 having a reduced threaded portion 57 extending through a hole 57 in an ear or anchor member 58 fixed on the side member or leg 11 of the A-frame 3. The rod end is secured to said car 58 by a nut 59 threaded on the threaded portion 57 of said rod. The end of the piston rod 56 is connected in the same manner to an ear or anchor member 60 fixed on the side member or leg 10 of the A-frame 3. In the illustrated structure, the rams 51 and 52 are spaced vertically and positioned in a plane spaced forwardly of the mast 27, said plane being parallel to the axis of rotation of the mast.

The cylinders of each of the rams 51 and 52 have the ends thereof remote from the end from which the piston rods extend closed by heads 61, and said cylinders are secured in rigid relationship to a connector member 62 having a bar portion 63 extending longitudinally between the cylinders with vertically oifset arms 64 and 65 extending endwise thereof and terminating in upper and lower brackets 66 and 67 respectively which are secured to the heads 61 by suitable fastening devices such as screws 68. The bracket 66 is secured to the cylinder of the ram 51, and the bracket 67 is secured to the head of the ram 52,

v the arm 64 being adjacent to the ram 51 and the arm 65 being adjacent to the ram 52, as illustrated in FIG. 5. The respective arms 64 and 65 are secured to the adjacent rams adjacent the ends from which the piston rods extend, said arms each having saddles 69 engaging the cylinder of the respective ram and secured thereto by suitable fastening devices such as U-bolts 70 that extend around the adjacent cylinders with threaded ends extending through ears on the saddles and nuts 71 on said threaded ends to tighten the U-bolts and saddles into clamping relation with the cylinders of the respective rams. With this arrangement, the piston rods and pistons thereon are substantially stationary relative to the A- frame and extension and contraction of the rams efiects movement simultaneously of the cylinders longitudinally of said piston rods or toward and away from the respective side members or legs of the A-frame 3.

Guide pulleys 72 and 73 are rotatably mounted on the connector arms 64 and 65 respectively for rotation about spaced vertical axes which are parallel to the axis of rotation of the mast 27. The guide pulley 72 is between the arm 65 and the ram 51, and the pulley 73 is between the arm 64 and the ram 52 whereby said pulleys are positioned at ditferent vertical levels. Each of said pulleys has peripheral grooves 74 or ways therein for guiding flexible members such as chains 75 and 76, as later described. The ways 74 in the pulleys 72 and 73 align with vertically spaced ways 77 and 78 in the periphery of an arcuate member 80 fixed on the mast 27. In the illustrated structure, the arcuate member 80 extends from the mast in the direction opposite from the boom 31 and is preferably substantially semi-circular, as illustrated in FIG. 4. One end of the chain 75 which is flexible in only one plane is secured as at 81 to the arcuate member 80 adjacent the end of the upper way 77 at one side of said arcuate member, and extends in said way and then around the guide pulley 72 with the other end 82 of said chain being connected by a rigid member such as a rod 83 which is adjustably connected to an ear or bracket 84 extending forwardly from the A-frame side member 11. One end of the chain 76 is secured as at 85 to the arcuate ember adjacent the end of the way 78 therein and on the opposite side of the arcuate member from the end 8 1 of the chain 75. The chain 76 which is also flexible in only one plane extends in the way 78 and then around the guide pulley 73 and has the opposite end thereof connected to a rigid member such as a rod 86 which is adjustably connected to a forwardly extending bracket or car 37 on the A-frame side member 10. The rigid members or rods 83 and 86 have threaded ends with nuts 88 thereon whereby they serve as adjustable connections for the ends of the chain remote from the arcuate member to maintain the chains in taut condition. The connections of the chains with the arcuate member and extent of engagement in the ways thereof are such that some chain is in each way when the mast is swung more than 90- degrees to either side of its center position. With this arrangement, movement of the cylinders of the rams toward the A-frame side member 10 applies force to the chain 75 and rotates the mast and boom to swing the boom toward the A-frame side member 11, and movement f the cylinders of the rams toward the side member 11 applies force to the chain 76 to swing the mast and boom thereon toward the A-frame side member 10. The cylinders and piston rods of the respective rams 51 and 52 are so constructed and connected into an hydraulic system whereby the pressure of the hydraulic fluid is applied to the rams to utilize the power of both simultaneously and in the same direction and apply same to the respective chain providing a pull on the arcuate member for efiecting the swinging movement of the boom.

Each of the cylinders of the respective rams has sleeves or glands 90 in the end portions 91 thereof remote from the heads 61. Said glands have substantially liquid-tight engagement with the inner surfaces of the cylinders, and are further retained in place by spring metal retainer rings Q2 positioned in grooves 93 in the inner cylinder walls and engaging shoulders 94 formed by reduced threaded end portions 95 on which are threaded collars 96 to engage the open ends of the cylinders and draw the shoulders 94 in engagement with the retainer rings 92. Seal rings 92' are positioned in grooves 94' in the glands adjacent the inner ends thereof and have sealing engagement with the inner surface of the cylinders. The glands have bores 97 through which the piston rods are slidably engaged, said glands having packing 98 and resilient seal rings or members 99 engaging the piston rods to form a pressure seal thereagainst.

The piston rods each have longitudinal axial bores or flow passages 100 closed as by plugs 101 at the piston ends and communicating at the other ends with flow lines of the hydraulic system, the piston rod 55 having communicating connection with a flow line 102 and the piston rod 56 having communication with a flow line 103. The piston rods each have lateral bores or ports 104 extending through the walls thereof to communicate the bores or passages 100 with the chambers 105 in the cylinders between the pistons and glands 90, the bores 104 being spaced from the pistons whereby when the cylinders are moved to position the pistons at the end of the stroke adjacent the glands 90, the bores 104 are located in the glands bore as illustrated in FIG. 7, and in order to provide for small limited flow from the bores 104 to the chambers 105 the piston rods each have a small groove 106 extending from one of the bores 104 therein to the end of the gland toward the pistons on the respective rod.

In the hydraulic system, fluid pressure from a pump (not shown) is applied through a pressure line 107 to a control valve 108 from which a return line 109 provides flow to a reservoir (not shown). When the boom is swung to the limit of its turning toward the A-frame side member 11, and it is desired to swing the boom in the opposite direction, the cylinders and pistons being positioned substantially as shown in FIG. 7, the valve 108 is operated to provide fluid pressure How from the line 107 to the line 102 whereby fluid under pressure flows to the bore Hill of the piston rod .55 through the bores $04 and groove. 106 to the chamber 165, providing for starting movement of the cylinder. Also, the fluid under pressure will flow through a branch line 110 having a check valve 111 therein to a flowline 112 that has one end communicating through a connection 113 in the cylinder of theram 51, said connection being ipositioned in the gland 90 adjacent the end thereof toward the respective piston, "said gland having a counterbore 114 for flow from the connection into the chamber 105, the counterbore' terminating as at 15 in spaced relation to the bore 104 when at the end of thestrokepositioning said bore 104 in the gland, as illustrated iu'the upper portion of FIG. 7. Theflow line 112 also has communication through a connection 116 in the head 61 of the ram 52 for flow of' fluid to the chamber 117 therein between the piston and head. 61. This flow of fluid to both rams applies fluid pressure acting on the cylinders tending to move same on the piston rods toward the A-frame side member 11. During such movement, fluid in the chamber 118 of the ram Sibetween the piston and head thereof is forced through a connection 119 to a how line 12% that provides communication from said chamber 11-3 to the connection 121 at the gland of the ram 52 whereby said fluid moves through the counterbore 114 into the chamber 185 of the ram 52, but the fluid in that chamber must also be moved therefrom and saidfluids flows through the bores or ports 194 into the bore 166 of the piston rod 5'6 and through the flow line 1% to the valve 141 8 where it has communication with the return line 109' A branch 122 connects the flow lines 129 and 103 and has a check valve 123 therein permitting flow only from the flow line 183 to the flow-line 129. This movement continues until the boom flow line 1&2 and the movement of the cylinders continucs. However, as it approaches the end of its rotation, the, ports 104 in the piston rod 56 enter the counter-bore 114 in the ram 52 and pass therebeyond to substantially stop flow from the respective chamber. 105 through the ports 164 in the piston rod 56. whereby the fluid trapped in the'chambcr 118 in the ramSi and chamber 385 of the ram 52 serves as a cushion stop for the rotative movement of the boom. When it is desired .to rotate the boom in the opposite direction, the valve 168 is actuated to provide fluid pressure flow from the pressure line 107 to the flow line 103 and provide communication from the flow line 102 to the line 109, and then the flow is applied to the piston rod of the ram 52 and returns from the piston rod of the ram 51 to move the cylinders in the opposite direction and to apply force to the chain 75. for rotating of the mast and boom.

It is preferable that the relative areas of the bores in the cylinders of'the rams 51 and, 52 and the areas of the annulus between the piston rods and inner surfaces of said cylinders be proportioned to the distances of the axes of said cylinders to the pulleys 72 and 73, to equalize rotative moments during movements of said cylinders. When fluid pressure is applied in chamber 118 of ram 51 and annulus chamber 185 in ram 52 to move the cylinders toward the leg lit, the fluid force acting on the cylinder of ram 52 multiplied by the distance of the axis of said cylinder from'the center of pulley 72 substantially equals the fluid force acting on the cylinder of ram 51 multiplied by the distance of the axis of said cylinder from said center of pulley 52idue to the pulley '72 being closer to, ram' 51. The same eilective balance of rotative moments is produced when the fluid pressure is changed to move the cylinders, toward the leg it. Also, the wrap of the chains'75 and 76 arcundithe pulleys 72 and 7-3 as 6 shown in FIG. 4 is such that tension'of the chains which are each flexible in only one respective plane acts'longitudinally of t-he cylinders with substantially no lateral forces resulting therefrom. This equalizing of forces and moments provides a structure that is more trouble-free and of longer life than actuators heretofore used.

It is-to be understood thatwhile I have illustrated and described one form of my invention, itis not to be limted .to the specific form or arrangement otparts her-cindetruding ends of said piston rods in fixed spaced relation longitudinally of said cylinders whereby actuation of said cylinders effects simultaneous movement thereof on. said piston rods in-aplane spaced from and-parallel to the turning axis ofsaid rotatable means, guide pulleys rotatably mounted on the cylinder connecting means with one or" said pulleys adjacent one end of said pair of cylinders and-the other of said pulleys a'djacentthe other endcf said pair of cylinders,- flexible members for each guide pulley, each flexible'member having one end anchored with respect to theprotruding ends of said piston rods and then extending over a respective guide pulley, means fixingthe'other ends-of said flexible means to said rotatable means whereby pull on said flexible members applies opposite rotatingforces thereto, and a fluid pressure and valve-systern foractuating said cylinders to move same and said guide pulleys to apply force to the flexible members to turn the rotatable means in a selected direction.

2. 'Hydraulically-actuated swing structure comprising, a rotatable means turnable on a vertical axis, said rotatable. means havingan arcuatemember with vertically spaced guide ways in-the periphery thereof, a pair of vertically spaced parallel cylinders, means rigidly connecting said pair of cylinders one relative to the other in oppositely disposed relation, hydraulically-actuated piston rods pro- 'truding from the cylinders with one extending from its cylinder in one-direction and the other extending from its cylinder in the opposite direction, means supporting the protruding ends of said piston rods in fixed spaced relation longitudinally of said cylinders whereby actuation of said cylinders effects simultaneous movement thereof on said piston rods in a vertical plane" spaced laterally 'fromsaid rotatable means, guide pulleys rotatably mounted on the cylinder connecting means with one of said pulleys adjacent one end of said pair of cylinders and'the other of said pulleys adjacent-the other end of said pair of cylinders, flexible members for each guide pulley, each .flexible member having .one. endanchored with respect 'toathe protruding ends of said: piston rods and then'extending over a respective guide pulley and wrapped in op- .posite1directions.around the arcuate member, means fixing the other ends ofv said flexi-blemeansto said arcuate member, and a fluid pressure and valve system for actuat- "ing said cylinders to move same and said. guide pulleysto apply force to the flexible members to turn the rotatable means in .aselected direction.

3. Hydraulically-actuated swing boom structure cornvertically spaced guide'ways'in the periphery thereof, a

pair of vertically spaced parallel cylinders, means rigidly connecting said pair of cylinders one'r'elative to the other in oppositely disposed relation, hydraulically-actuated piston rods protruding from the cylinders with one extending from its cylinder in one direction and the other extending from its cylinder in the opposite direction, means supporting the protruding ends of said piston rods in fixed spaced relation longitudinally of said cylinders whereby actuation of said cylinders effects simultaneous movement thereof on said piston rods in a vertical plane spaced laterally from said arcuate member, guide pulleys rotatably mounted on the cylinder connecting means with one of said pulleys adjacent one end of said pair of cylinders and in the same plane as one of said guide ways and the other of said pulleys adjacent the other end of said pair of cylinders and in the same plane as the other of said guide ways, flexible members for each guide way, each flexible member having one end anchored with respect to the protruding ends of said piston rods and then extending over a respective guide pulley and wrapped in opposite directions around the guide ways, means fixing the other ends of said flexible means to said arcuate memher, and a fluid pressure and valve system for actuating said cylinders to move same and said guide pulleys to apply force to the flexible members to turn the rotatable supporting means in a selected direction.

4. Hydraulically-actuated swing boom structure comprising, a frame adapted to be carried by a mobile vehicle, a mast, means on said frame rotatably supporting said mast to turn on a substantially vertical axis, a boom carried by said mast, an arcuate member fixed on said mast and having vertically spaced guide ways in the periphery thereof, a pair of vertically spaced parallel hydraulic rams each including cylinders having piston rods protruding therefrom, means rigidly connecting the cylinders of said rams one relative to the other in oppositely disposed relation whereby one piston rod extends from its respective cylinder in one direction and the other piston rod extends in the opposite direction from its respective cylinder, means pivotally connecting the protruding ends of said piston rods to said frame in fixed spaced relation whereby actuation of said cylinder effects simultaneous movement thereof on said piston rods in a vertical plane spaced from said arcuate member, guide pulleys rotatably mounted on the cylinder connecting means with one of said pulleys adjacent one end of said pair of cylinders and in the same plane as one of said guide ways and the other of said pulleys adjacent the other end of said pair of cylintiers and in the same plane as the other of said guide ways, a flexible member for each guide way, each flexible mem her having one end adjustably anchored with respect to the frame and then extending over the respective guide pulleys and wrapped in opposite directions around the guide ways of said arcuate member, means fixing the other ends of said flexible members to said arcuate member, a source of fluid pressure, and means applying fluid pressure to the cylinders to move same on the piston rods and the guide pulleys to apply force to the flexible members to turn the mast in a selected direction.

5. Hydraulically-actuated swing structure comprising, a frame adapted to be carried by a mobile vehicle, a mast, means on said frame rotatably supporting said mast to turn on a substantially vertical axis, a pair of vertically spaced parallel hydraulic rams each including cylinders having piston rods protruding therefrom, means rigidly connecting the cylinders of said rams one relative to the other in oppositely disposed relation whereby one piston rod extends from its respective cylinder in one direction and the other piston rod extends in the opposite direction from its respective cylinder, means pivotally connecting the protruding ends of said piston rods to said frame in fixed spaced relation longitudinally of said cylinders whereby actuation of said cylinders effects simultaneous movement thereof on said piston rods in a vertical plane spaced laterally from said mast, guide pulleys rotatably mounted on the cylinder connecting means between said cylinders and with one of said pulleys adjacent one end of said pair of cylinders and the other of said pulleys adjacent the other end of said pair of cylinders, a chain flexible in only one respective plane for each guide pulley, each chain having one end adjusta bly anchored with respect to the frame and then extending over the respective guide pulleys and wrapped in opposite directions around the mast, means fixing the other ends of said chains to said mast, said piston rods having flow passages extending longitudinally therein, ports in said piston rods providing communication between the flow passages therein and the interiors, of the cylinders between pistons on the piston rods and the ends of the cylinders from which the piston rods extend, means communicating the end portions of the interior of one cylinder with the adjacent end portions of the other cylinder whereby fluid pressure in the cylinders at one end relative to the pistons is the same, a source of fluid pressure, and means applying fluid pressure to the cylinders to move same on the piston rods and the guide pulleys to apply force to the chains to turn the mast in a selected direction.

6. Hydraulically-actuated swing boom structure comprising, a frame adapted to be carried by a mobile vehicle, a mast, means on said frame rotatably supporting said mast to turn on a substantially vertical axis, a boom carried by said mast, an arcuate member fixed on said mast and having vertically spaced guide ways in the periphery thereof, a support, a pair of spaced parallel hydraulic rams each including cylinders with piston rods protruding therefrom, means rigidly connecting the cylinders of said rams one relative to the other in oppositely disposed relation whereby one piston rod extends from its respective cylinder in one direction and the other piston rod extends in the opposite direction from its respective cylinder, means connecting the protruding ends of said piston rods to said frame in fixed vertically spaced relation whereby actuation of said cylinders effects simultaneous movement thereof on said piston rods in a vertical plane spaced laterally from said arcuate member, said cylinders each having closed ends remote from the ends from which the piston rods protrude, an internal sleeve member in the cylinders at the ends from which the piston rods protrude, said sleeves having bores in which the piston rods are slidably engaged, seal means associated with said sleeves for seaiingly engaging the piston rods, said piston rods having flow passages extending therein and terminating in spaced relation to the piston ends thereof, pistons on said piston rod ends in the cylinders and reciprocable therein and cooperating with the closed ends and sleeves to define fluid chambers, ports in said piston rods in spaced relation to said pistons and communicating the fluid passages in said piston rods with the chambers between the pistons and sleeves, said ports being positioned whereby they move within the bore of the sleeves when the respective piston is at the end of its stroke adjacent said sleeve, flow means communicating the chambers in the cylinders between the pistons and sleeves of the respective cylinders with the chamber in the other cylinder between the piston and closed end thereof, a source of fluid pressure, flow means with valves for directing flow of fluid under pressure to the flow passage in one piston rod whereby the fluid is delivered to the interior of the cylinder and to the other cylinder chamber adjacent the closed end thereof to apply force moving the cylinders on the piston rods in a direction toward the protruding end of the piston rod to which the fluid pressure is delivered, and flow lines from the other piston rod passage for discharge of fluid from the cylinders at the other ends of said pistons until the ports in said other piston rod enter into the respective sleeve bore and substantially stop flow therethrough to trap fluid and serve as a fluid cushion stop to further movement of said cylinders in that direction, guide pulleys rotatably mounted on the cylinder connecting means with one of said pulleys adjacent one end of said cylinders in the same plane as one of said guide ways and the other of 9 10 said pulleys adjacent the other end of said cylinders in the References Cited in the file of this patent same plane as the other of said guide ways, a chain flexible in only one respective plane for each guide way, each UNITED STATES PATENTS chain having one end anchored with respect to the frame 283,037 Stock Aug. 14, 1883 and then extending over the respective guide pulley and 5 2,528,985 Wunsch Nov. 7, 1950 wrapped in opposite directions around the respective guide 2,559,733 Pitman et a1 July 10, 1951 Ways, and means fixing the other end of said chains to 2,722,102 Pilch Nov. 1, 1955 said arcuate member whereby movement of said cylinders 2,768,499 Pilch Oct. 30, 1956 applies force to the chains to turn the rotatable mast, in 4, PIZYbYISKi y 1953 a selected direction. 0 2,903,145 Brinkel Sept. 8, 1959 

